在Ubuntu中安裝Mapnik工具包以便開(kāi)發(fā)Gis應用程序

Mapnik是中安裝一個(gè)開(kāi)源的、可擴展的具包、高效的便開(kāi)地圖渲染引擎，它使用C++編寫(xiě)，應用可以用于開(kāi)發(fā)各種類(lèi)型的程序地理信息系統（GIS）應用程序，本文將介紹如何在Ubuntu系統中安裝Mapnik工具包，中安裝以便進(jìn)行GIS應用程序的具包開(kāi)發(fā)。

在開(kāi)始安裝Mapnik之前，應用首先??( ???)需要更新系統(tong)軟件包，程序打開(kāi)終端，中安裝輸入以下命令：

sud??o apt-get updatesudo apt-get upgrade

2、具包安裝依賴(lài)軟件包

Mapnik依賴(lài)于一些其他的便開(kāi)軟件包，如GDAL、應用PostgreSQL等，程序在終端中輸入以下命令來(lái)安???裝這些依賴(lài)軟件包：

sudo aptヾ(′ω｀)?-get install gdal-bin po(′_｀)stgresq??l postgresql-contrib libmapnik ma??pnik-utils python-psycopg2

3、下載并編譯Mapnik

從Mapnik官方網(wǎng)站下載最新版本的源代碼包，然后解壓縮到合適??的目錄，將其解壓縮到/opt目錄下：

cd /optwget http://mapnik.org??/download.ht(′▽?zhuān)?mltar xvf mapnik-2.3.0.tar.bz2

接下來(lái)，進(jìn)入解壓后的目錄，創(chuàng )建一個(gè)構建目錄并進(jìn)入：

cd mapnik-2.3.0mkdir build && cd build

運行cmake?命令來(lái)配置構建選(′?｀)項：

cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local -DWITH_POSTGIS=ON -DWITH_SOS=ON -DWITH_F( ?▽?)ONTCONFIG=ON -DWITH_FRIBIDI=ON -DWITH_PROJ=ON -DWIヽ(′?｀)ノTH_GEOIP=ON -DWITH_PDF=OFF -DWITH_SVG=OFF -DWITH_TILED=OFF -DWITH_RASTER=ON -DWITH_PLUGIN_WMS=ON -DWITH_PLUGIN_WFS=ON -DWITH_PLUGIN_WCS=ON -DWITH_PLUGIN_PG=ON -DWITH_PLUGIN_SOS=ON -DWITH_PLUGIN_ECW=O??N -DWITH_PLUGIN_DXF=OFヾ(＾-＾)ノF -DWITH_PLUG??IN_MBTILES=OFF -DWITH_PLUGIN_CARTO=OFF -DWITH_PL(′?_?`)UGIN_OGR=ON -DWITH_PLUGIN_SQLITE3=OF(′▽?zhuān)?F -DWITH_PL┐(′?｀)┌UGIN_ODBC=OFF -DWITH_PLUGIN_GEOJSON=OFF -DWITH_PLUGヾ(′?｀)?IN_GNUTLS=OFF -DWITH_PLUG(′▽?zhuān)?)IN_ICU=O?FF -DWITH_PLUGIN_AGヾ(′ω｀)?G=OFF -DWITH_PLUGIN_RENDERER_GL=OFF -DWITH_PLUGIN_RENDERER_SDL=OFF -DWITH_PLUGIN_RENDERER_SVGヽ(′▽?zhuān)?ノ=OFF -DWITH_PLUGIN_RENDERER_CACI =OFF -DWITH_PLUGIN_RENDERER_2D=OFF -DWITH_(°o°)PLUGIN_RENDERER_PDF=OFF -DWIT(??ヮ?)?*:???H_PLUGIN_RENDERER_SOFTWARE=OFF -DWITH_PLUGIN_RENDERER_OPENGL=OFF -DWITH_PLUGIN_RENDERER_RASTER=ON -DBUILD_EXAMPLES=OFF -DBUILD_TESTING=OFF

接下來(lái)，運行make和make install命令來(lái)編譯和安裝Mapnik：

make && sudo make install

4、配置(′?ω?`)環(huán)境變量

為了能夠在Pyt??hon中使(??-)?用Mapnik，還需要配置環(huán)境變量，編輯~/.bashrc文件，添加以下內容(╯°□°）╯：

export MAPNIK_CONFIG="/usr/local/etc/(′_ゝ`)m??apnik"export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/lib/python2.7??/site-packages/mapnik/bin

保存文件后，運行以下命令使更改生效：

source ~/.bashrc

至此，Mapnik工具包已經(jīng)在Ubu??ntu系統中安裝完成，可以開(kāi)始進(jìn)行GIS應用程序的(′?_?`)開(kāi)發(fā)了。

相關(guān)問(wèn)題與解答：

1、Mapn??ik支持哪些編程語(yǔ)言？

答：Mapnik支持多種編程語(yǔ)言，包括C++、Python、Ruby、Java等，在Ubuntu系統中，主要使用Python進(jìn)行Mapnik的開(kāi)發(fā)。

2、如何卸載Mapnik？

sudo apt-get remove --purge mapnik-utils mapnik-input-plugin-ogr mapnik-input-plugin-gdal mapヽ(′▽?zhuān)?ノnik-input-pl?ugin-postgis mapnik-input-plugin-shapefile mapnik-input-plugin-svg mapnik-input-plugin-pdf mapnik-input-plugin-mbtiles( ?ω?) mapnik-input-plugin-wms mapnik(??ヮ?)?*:???-inpu???t-plugin-wfs mapnik-input-plugin-wcs mapnik-input-plugin-pg mapnik-input-plugin-sos mapnik-input-plugin-ecw mapnik-input-plugin-dxf mapnik-in??put-plugin-carto mapnik-input-plugin-ogr mapnik2 python-mapnik map??nik2-dev?? python3-mapnik python3-mapnik2 mapnik2-do??c python3-mapnik2-doc libmapnik2 libmapnik2-dev libmap(′▽?zhuān)?nik20 libmapnik20-dev libmapnikcpp1 libmapnikcpp1-??dev libmapnik21 libmapnik21-dev python3-pip python3-setuptools python3-wheel python3-mapnik2.3 python3-mapnik2??.3-dev python3-mapnik2.3cgi python3-mapnik(?????)2.3cgi-dev python3-mapnik2.3dev python3-mapnik2.3devel python3-mapnik2.3gis pyth(╯‵□′)╯on3-mapnik2.3gisdev python3-mapnik2.3gisdevel python3-mapnik2.3postgis python3-mapnik2.3postgisdev?? python3-mapnik2.3postgisdevel python3-mapnik2(′?_?`).3sqlite python3-mapnik2.3sqlitedev py??thon3-mapnik2.3sqlitedevel python3-mapnik2.3wms python3-mapnik2.3wmsdev pyth??on3-mapnik2.3wmsdevel python3-mapnik2.3wmts python3-mapnik2.3wmtsdev python3-mapnik2.3wmtsdevel python3-mapnik2.3wmsxml python3-mapnik2.3wmsxmldev python3-mapnik2.3wmsxmldevel python3-mapnik2.3??wfs python3-mapnik2.3wfsdev python3-mapnik2.3wfsdeve(′Д` )l python3-mapnik2.3wcs python3-mapnヽ(′?｀)ノik2.3wcsdev python3-mapnik2.3wcsdevel python3-mapnik2.3ogr python3-mapnik2.3ogrdev python3-ma??pnik2.3ogrdevel python3